Nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA are even used as templates to perform cell-free protein synthesis. 2 Cell-free biochemical reactions utilize purified enzymes for reaction synthesis or the detection of useful substances, such as carbohydrates and esters. 1 CFB means synthesizing proteins or conducting specific enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions in vitro, which imitate metabolic processes in vivo. Introduction Cell-free biology (CFB) has developed rapidly in recent years. It is much like the “droplet operation desktop” concept, used for remote-controllable operations and distributions of cell-free biology for efficient biological screening and protein synthesis in complex reaction networks, with expanded operability and less artificial interference.
As proof-of-concept research, this work proposed a new control interface for single-drop cell-free biological reactions. A cell-free biological reaction process which can be remote-controlled visually with excellent interactivity, controllability and flexibility was achieved. In this paper, a commercial DMF board, OpenDrop, was used, and DMF technology via remote real-time control inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT) was developed for detecting glucose enzyme catalytic cell-free reactions and verifying the feasibility of programmed cell-free protein expression.
Digital microfluidic (DMF) technology can operate a single droplet by controlling its movement, mixing, separation, and some other actions, and is a suitable scaffold for cell-free reactions with higher efficiency. However, complex liquid handling schemes are troublesome, especially when scaling up to perform multiple different reactions simultaneously. Cell-free biology for diverse protein expression and biodetection in vitro has developed rapidly in recent years because of its more open and controllable reaction environment.
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